In cryptography, PKCS #12 is one of the family of standards called Public-Key Cryptography Standards published by RSA Laboratories. It defines an archive file format for storing many cryptography objects as a single file. It is commonly used to bundle a private key with its X.509 certificate or to bundle all the members of a chain of trust. A PKCS #12 file may be encrypted and signed. The internal storage containers, called SafeBags, may also be encrypted and signed. A few SafeBags are predefined to store certificates, private keys and certificate revocation lists. The filename extension for PKCS #12 files is .p12 or .pfx. These files can be created, parsed and read out with the OpenSSL pkcs12 command.

I'm going to show you the commands used to convert a .pfx file into its certificate and key components. This information can come in handy when you need to import your certificates to devices like routers, load-balancers, handhelds, or for use with webservers like apache or nginx, where you'll need to import the certificates and key files in plain-text, unencrypted format. Follow these steps:

1. Install openssl

2. Extract the private key:

   1	openssl pkcs12 -in filename.pfx -nocerts -out encryptedkey.key

3. Enter the .pfx file password when prompted

4. Enter a new password for the encrypted key when prompted

5. Extract the client certificate:

   1	openssl pkcs12 -in filename.pfx -nokeys -clcerts -out certificate.crt

6. Extract the Certificate Authority certificates:

   1

   openssl

7. Sometimes you will need an unencrypted key file:

   1	openssl rsa -in encryptedkey.key -out decryptedkey.key

8. Enter the key password you created in step 4 above

9. Sometimes the private key needs to be in a PEM format:

   1	openssl rsa -in encryptedkey.key -outform PEM -out encryptedkey.pem

Always remember to keep your decrypted key in a safe place. Those are the literal keys to the kingdom.